25 problems, with the ones that matter most first. Play the moving examples, then go to Lessons.
1 · Grammar
Show time with the verb, not just a time word
Chinese verbs never change. You show time with words like yesterday or already, or the listener works it out from context. English also needs the verb itself to change.
A finished past time needs a past verb form: went, met, studied. A time word is not enough. Use the present perfect (have lived) for 'from then until now', but never with a finished time like ago or last year. After if, when and before about the future, use the present, not will.
- Yesterday I go to the market.Yesterday I went to the market.
- I have bought this phone last week.I bought this phone last week.
- I will call you before I will leave.I will call you before I leave.
- I live here since 2019.I have lived here since 2019.
2 · Grammar
-s on the verb after he, she, it
Chinese has no agreement between subject and verb, so there is nothing to add. In English, a present-tense verb needs -s after a singular subject, and learners drop it, especially when speaking fast.
In the present simple, add -s after he, she, it and any singular noun: my sister works. Have becomes has. Words like everybody, nobody and homework count as singular. After does, did and modals, the verb has no -s.
- My brother work in a bank.My brother works in a bank.
- She have two children.She has two children.
- Nobody are late.Nobody is late.
- He doesn't likes coffee.He doesn't like coffee.
3 · Grammar
Plural -s on nouns
Chinese nouns stay the same whether there is one or many. You show number with words like three or many. In English the noun must change as well, and a final -s is also hard to say.
After two, three, many, several, a lot of, different and similar words, the noun takes -s (or an irregular plural: children, people). Say the -s clearly; it carries meaning. Use the plural when you mean 'in general': Teenagers need sleep.
- I visited three city last year.I visited three cities last year.
- Many student want to study abroad.Many students want to study abroad.
- There are a lot of tourist in summer.There are a lot of tourists in summer.
- Child learn quickly.Children learn quickly.
4 · Grammar
a, an and the
Chinese has no articles, so you can leave them out, add them where English does not use them, or mix up a and the.
Use a / an for one of many things, or when you first mention something: I saw a film. Use the when both of you know which one: the film we talked about. Use nothing for general plurals and uncountables: Pollution is a problem. Use the with musical instruments (the piano) and superlatives (the tallest), but not with most sports or meals.
- She wants to buy house.She wants to buy a house.
- This is most famous temple in the city.This is the most famous temple in the city.
- The pollution is a big problem in cities.Pollution is a big problem in cities.
- He lives in small flat.He lives in a small flat.
5 · Pronunciation
Finish the word: say the last consonant
Standard Mandarin syllables end in a vowel, n or ng (apart from a few r-endings). Cantonese does have final p, t, k, but they are held shut and not released, and it has no final b, d, g. So in English you may drop the last consonant (bed sounds like be) or push a small vowel after it (bag-uh).
Every consonant at the end of a word is part of the word. Close the word with the consonant and stop: no extra vowel. Stops (t, d, p, b, k, g) end cleanly (a tiny puff of air is fine), not with 'uh'. Final /l/ needs the tongue tip on the ridge behind your top teeth: mile is not my. The last sound often carries the meaning: bee / beat / bean.
- bed said as 'be' (last sound lost)bed: finish with /d/
- bag said as 'bag-uh' (extra vowel)bag: stop at /g/
- mile said as 'my' (no /l/)mile: tongue tip on the ridge at the end
- She sat at the desk said as 'She sa at the des'She sat at the desk: /t/ and /k/ both said
How to make it
- Say the vowel, then close the word with the consonant: your tongue or lips must touch or move at the end.
- For t, d, s, l and n, the tip of your tongue goes up to the ridge behind your top teeth.
- For p and b, close your lips and let the word end there. A tiny puff of air is fine, but do not add 'uh'.
- For k and g, the back of your tongue touches the roof of your mouth, and then the word is over.
Say it after me
bed, cat, wife, mile, cold
bee, beat, bean, beef
a big red bag
I like my job and my boss.
She had a bad cold, so she stayed in bed.
My hometown is quiet at night.
That book gave me a good plan for my exam.
bee, beat, my, mile, bed, bag, wife, cold
6 · Pronunciation
Consonants together: spring, desks, world
A Mandarin or Cantonese syllable has at most one consonant before the vowel and at most one after it (in Mandarin, only n or ng). So you break English clusters with tiny vowels: spoon becomes 'sipoon', or you drop the last sound: world becomes 'wor'.
A cluster is a group of consonants said in one smooth move, with no vowel in between. At the start: s + a consonant (spoon, street) or a consonant + l / r (play, free). At the end: world, desks, friends, left. For s-clusters, begin with a long quiet hiss. For final clusters, glide straight from one consonant to the next and finish the last one.
- spoon said as 'sipoon'spoon: s and p together
- street said as 'sitreet'street: s-t-r in one syllable
- desks said as 'desk-sa'desks: finish with /ks/
- world said as 'wor'world: finish with /ld/
How to make it
- For s-clusters, start with a long quiet hiss (sss). Keep the hiss going and add the next sound with no pause and no vowel.
- Get your lips or tongue ready for the second consonant while you are still saying the first.
- For final clusters, say the first consonant and slide straight to the next one. Practise slowly, then faster.
Say it after me
spoon, stay, skin, slow, snow
spring, street, screen, splash
world, film, milk, left, next
desks, friends, hands, costs
The school street is quiet in spring.
In the world of sport, the strongest team does not always win.
My friends spent the next month in a small town.
spoon, street, desks, world, friends, left, glass
7 · Pronunciation
-s and -ed endings: three sounds each
Chinese words do not change their endings, so small final sounds like -s and -ed are easy to drop. Some learners also say every -ed as an extra syllable ('look-id') or every -s as a hiss.
Noun and verb -s has three sounds. After a voiceless sound: /s/ (cats, books). After a voiced sound: /z/ (dogs, days). After s, z, sh, ch or j sounds: a new syllable /ɪz/ (buses, watches). Past -ed works the same way: /t/ after voiceless sounds (looked), /d/ after voiced sounds (played), and a new syllable /ɪd/ only after t or d (wanted). Say the ending every time: it shows number and tense.
- looked said as 'look-id' (extra syllable)looked /lʊkt/: one syllable
- two book (no ending)two books /bʊks/
- watches said as 'watch-s'watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/: extra syllable
- played said as 'play' (no ending)played /pleɪd/
How to make it
- Put a finger on your throat. For /z/ and /d/ it buzzes; for /s/ and /t/ it does not.
- Say the ending quickly and join it to the word: look-t, play-d. It is not a new syllable.
- Open a short extra syllable only after t or d (want-id) and after hissing sounds (bus-iz).
Say it after me
cats, books, maps
dogs, days, jobs
buses, watches, changes
looked, helped, stopped
played, lived, opened
wanted, needed, decided
Yesterday I walked to the shops, helped my mother and wanted to rest.
looked, played, wanted, books, dogs, buses
8 · Pronunciation
Word stress: one strong syllable
Chinese syllables are mostly full and similar in length, and pitch is tied to the word. So you give every English syllable the same weight, or you stress the wrong one, and the listener cannot recognise the word.
Every English word of two or more syllables has one main stress: that syllable is louder, longer and higher. The others are short and weak, often with a lazy /ə/ (teacher /ˈtiːtʃə/). Stress moves when the word changes: PHOtograph, phoTOgrapher, photoGRAPHic. Many two-syllable nouns stress the first syllable and verbs the second: a REcord, to reCORD. Words ending in -tion, -ic, -ity are stressed on the syllable before the ending: eduCAtion, ecoNOMic, aBILity. Check the stress in a dictionary whenever you learn a word.
- EDucation (first syllable stressed)eduCAtion
- en-VI-RON-MENT (all strong)en-VI-ron-ment
- I'll REcord the lesson (verb)I'll reCORD the lesson
- phoTOgraphy said as 'PHOtography'phoTOgraphy
How to make it
- Find the strong syllable. Say it louder, longer and with a higher pitch than the rest.
- Make the other syllables short and quiet. Let their vowels go lazy: the 'er' in teacher is just a small /ə/.
- Tap the table on the strong syllable as you say the word: ed-u-CA-tion.
Say it after me
teacher, student, city, family
repeat, decide, enjoy, agree
economy, important, tomorrow
education, information, population, tradition
photograph, photographer, photographic
a record, to record; an increase, to increase
Online education gives students more opportunities.
education, record, photographer, important, economy, environment
9 · Pronunciation
Sentence stress and weak forms
Chinese gives almost every syllable a clear tone and similar weight, so you may say every English word loudly and slowly. English stresses the key words and squeezes the small words between them, so the beats come at a steady speed.
Stress the content words: nouns, main verbs, adjectives, adverbs, question words and negatives. Make grammar words short, quiet and weak: to /tə/, of /əv/, and /ən/, a /ə/, the /ðə/, for /fə/, can /kən/, was /wəz/, at /ət/, than /ðən/. The weak vowel is nearly always /ə/. The more small words between two beats, the faster you say them. Stress can also move to show meaning: the new or contrasting word gets the beat (the BLUE one, not the red one).
- WE WILL GO TO THE BEACH AT THE WEEKENDWe will GO to the BEACH at the WEEKend
- a cup OF tea (/ɒv/, loud)a cup of tea (/əv/, quick)
- I CAN SWIM (can said /kæn/, loud)I can SWIM (can said /kən/)
How to make it
- Find the key words (nouns, verbs, adjectives). Say them louder and longer, with a clear vowel.
- Say the small words quickly and lightly with a lazy 'uh' vowel: 'a cup uv tea'.
- Tap a steady beat on the table on the key words. Squeeze the small words in between the taps.
Say it after me
a cup of tea, a bit of bread, a lot of time
I want to go. I need to sleep. I have to work.
Bread and butter. Salt and pepper. Black and white.
The library is open at nine.
My sister works for a big company in the city.
People use their phones for more than texting.
I didn't say Monday. I said Sunday.
a cup of tea, bread and butter, going to the shops, a present for my sister
10 · Pronunciation
Vowels: long and short, open and tight
Neither Mandarin nor Cantonese separates vowels the way English does: there is no regular long/short pair like /iː/ and /ɪ/ or /uː/ and /ʊ/, and no /æ/. So sheep and ship can sound the same, bad can sound like bed, and English glides (say, go) may come out too short.
English vowels differ in length and in tongue and lip position. /iː/ (sheep) is long with spread lips; /ɪ/ (ship) is short and relaxed. /uː/ (pool) is long with round lips; /ʊ/ (pull) is short and loose. /æ/ (bad) needs a wide-open mouth; /e/ (bed) is half open. /ʌ/ (cup) is short; /ɑː/ (cart) is long. /ɒ/ (shot) is short with round lips; /ɔː/ (short) is long. Give /eɪ/ and /əʊ/ time to glide: say, go.
- sheep said as 'ship'sheep /ʃiːp/: long
- pull said as 'pool'pull /pʊl/: short and loose
- bad said as 'bed'bad /bæd/: mouth wide open
- shot said as 'short'shot /ʃɒt/: short vowel
How to make it
- For /iː/, spread your lips as if smiling and hold it long. For /ɪ/, relax your lips and keep it short.
- For /uː/, push your lips forward in a small circle and hold. For /ʊ/, round them loosely and say it quickly.
- For /æ/, drop your jaw so that two fingers fit between your teeth. For /e/, open only halfway.
- For /eɪ/ and /əʊ/, start at the first vowel and glide slowly to the second. Do not stop early.
Say it after me
beat, bit; feet, fit
pool, pull; suit, soot
bad, bed; man, men
cut, cart; shot, short
work, walk; heard, hard
Many people live in big cities, but few leave.
sheep, ship, pool, pull, bad, bed, shot, short
11 · Pronunciation
th: tongue tip touching the back of the top teeth
Mandarin and Cantonese have neither /θ/ (think) nor /ð/ (this). Learners often swap in s, f or t for the first and d or z for the second: three becomes 'sree', 'free' or 'tree'.
There are two th sounds, and your tongue is in the same place for both: the tip lightly touching the back of your top front teeth. /θ/ is voiceless, just air (think, three, month). /ð/ is voiced, so your throat buzzes (this, the, mother). Don't press hard, and don't pull the tongue back to make s or d. /ð/ is mostly in small common words: the, this, that, they, there.
- think said as 'sink'think /θɪŋk/
- three said as 'free' or 'tree'three /θriː/
- this said as 'dis' or 'zis'this /ðɪs/
- mother said as 'mudder'mother /ˈmʌðə/
How to make it
- Touch the back of your top front teeth lightly with the tip of your tongue. When you practise slowly, you can let the tip show a little between your teeth.
- For /θ/, blow air gently over the tongue. No voice: your throat is quiet.
- For /ð/, do the same but switch your voice on. Feel the buzz in your throat.
- Pull the tongue back smoothly. Do not stop on s, t or d.
Say it after me
think, three, thank, thing
this, that, they, there
mother, brother, another, other
month, bath, teeth, worth
I think the third option is better.
My mother and brother thank their teachers.
think, sink, three, tree, this, that, mother
12 · Pronunciation
Voice on: v, z and final b, d, g
Neither Mandarin nor Cantonese has /v/ or /z/ (their z-type sound is /ts/), so very may become 'wery' or 'fery' and rise may become 'rice'. Their b, d, g are normally said without voice, and no Chinese word ends in them, so at the end of English words bad and bat can sound the same.
Voiced sounds make your throat buzz. /v/ is /f/ with the voice on: top teeth touch the lower lip (very, live, move). /w/ uses round lips and no teeth. /z/ is /s/ with the voice on (zoo, rise, easy). At the end of a word, a voiced consonant makes the vowel before it longer: bad (long) / bat (short), rise / rice, leave / leaf. Stretch the vowel and keep the buzz.
- very said as 'wery' or 'fery'very /ˈveri/: teeth on lip, voice on
- rise said as 'rice'rise /raɪz/: buzz at the end
- leave said as 'leaf'leave /liːv/: long vowel, buzzing end
- bad said as 'bat'bad /bæd/: long vowel, voiced end
How to make it
- Put your fingers on your throat. Say sss: nothing. Say zzz: you feel a buzz.
- For v, touch your top teeth to your lower lip, like f, and switch the buzz on. For w, keep your teeth away and round your lips.
- Before a voiced ending (d, g, b, v, z), make the vowel longer. Count one-two.
Say it after me
very, vine, vote, view
west, vest; wine, vine
rise, prize, zoo, easy
bad, bag, cab, pig
leave, live, move, love
I visit my relatives every November.
I value the prize and the reason to move.
very, ferry, west, vest, rise, rice, bad, bat
13 · Pronunciation
l, n and r
In some speech n and l are mixed up. This is well known for Cantonese (where an initial n often becomes l) and for Mandarin in parts of the south and south-west, so night and light can sound alike. A few speakers also mix r and l.
/l/: the tip of the tongue touches the ridge behind your top teeth and stays there; air goes round the sides (light, play, mile). /n/: the same place, but the air comes out through your nose (night, name). Pinch your nose: /n/ stops, /l/ keeps going. /r/: the tongue pulls back and touches nothing, and the lips round a little (right, read, around). In British English you say r only before a vowel: car and door have no r sound, but red and very do.
- night said as 'light'night /naɪt/: air through the nose
- light said as 'night'light /laɪt/: air round the sides
- right said as 'light'right /raɪt/: tongue touches nothing
- pray said as 'play'pray /preɪ/: start with r
How to make it
- For /l/ and /n/, press the tip of your tongue on the ridge behind your top teeth.
- Pinch your nose to tell them apart: /n/ stops because the air goes through the nose; /l/ keeps going.
- For /r/, pull the tongue back and up, let it touch nothing, and round your lips slightly. Then start the vowel.
Say it after me
night, name, nice, nine
light, late, line, long
right, read, rice, road
line, nine; light, right
play, pray, glass, grass
Last night I read a long, nice letter.
night, light, right, no, low, play, pray
14 · Pronunciation
Linking words and contractions
In Chinese each syllable is a separate unit, so you say English words one by one with small gaps ('turn... off'). English joins words into one stream, and speakers shorten I am, they are, do not to I'm, they're, don't.
Link a final consonant to a vowel that follows: turn off sounds like 'tur-noff', an apple like 'a-napple'. When a vowel meets a vowel, a small glide fills the gap: /j/ in my aunt, /w/ in go on. In British English a written final r is said when a vowel follows: far away /fɑː rəˈweɪ/. Sounds merge in did you /ˈdɪdʒə/ and don't you /ˈdəʊntʃə/. Contractions are normal in speaking: I'm, I'll, they're, it's, don't, can't. Can is weak /kən/, but can't is strong /kɑːnt/: listen for the vowel and the final t.
- turn... off (a gap)turn off: 'tur-noff'
- I do not know (every word full)I don't know.
- Did... you like it?Did you like it? /dɪdʒə/
- They are late (separate words)They're late.
How to make it
- Say the last consonant of the first word and start the next word on it, with no pause: tur-noff, a-napple.
- Between two vowels, let your lips or tongue glide: 'my-yaunt', 'go-won'.
- For did you and don't you, let the d or t slide straight into you: 'didjer', 'dontcher'.
- Say contractions as one quick syllable: don't, I'll, they're.
Say it after me
turn off, pick up, look at, check in
an apple, an hour, an old house
my aunt, go on, so am I
far away, for example, there is, her office
Did you like it? Don't you think so? Would you mind?
I'm sure they're late, but we'll wait. It's fine.
I can help, but I can't stay.
turn off, an apple, far away, did you, don't you, they're, I'll
15 · Pronunciation
Intonation: let your voice move
Mandarin (four tones plus a neutral tone) and Cantonese (six tones in the usual description) use pitch on each syllable to tell words apart. Carried into English, this can give a flat voice, or a jerky one with sharp rises and falls on single words.
Think of one melody over each phrase, not a tone on each syllable. Fall at the end of a statement and of a question-word question (Where do you live?): it sounds sure and finished. Rise at the end of a yes/no question (Do you live here?). In a list, rise on each item and fall on the last: apples ↗, pears ↗ and grapes ↘. To sound interested, start higher on the key word and use a wide range; a narrow flat voice sounds bored. In Part 2, pause between ideas and fall at the end of each one.
- Where do you live? (rising, sounds unsure)Where do you live? (falling)
- Do you work here? (falling, sounds like a statement)Do you work here? (rising)
- apples, pears and grapes (all falling)apples ↗, pears ↗ and grapes ↘
- It was exciting. (flat, same pitch on every word)It was ex-CI-ting! (starts high, wide, falls)
How to make it
- Hum the phrase first like a tune, then say the words on the same melody.
- On the key word, move your voice up (or up and down) and keep the other syllables lower.
- At the end of a finished statement, let the pitch fall to a low relaxed note and stop. For a yes/no question, let it climb on the last stressed word.
- To sound interested, smile, open your mouth more and go higher on the important word.
Say it after me
Where do you live? ↘
Do you work here? ↗
I like apples ↗, pears ↗ and grapes ↘.
That sounds really interesting!
When I was young ↗, I lived near the sea ↘.
Is it cheap ↗ or expensive ↘?
I'd love to go there.
Where do you live?, Do you live here?, apples, pears and grapes
16 · Grammar
Don't leave out the verb be
In Chinese, an adjective can act as the verb: 'I busy', 'she very happy'. English adjectives need be in front of them.
Put am / is / are / was / were between the subject and an adjective: I am busy. The same is true for a noun after the subject: He is a teacher. Don't add be after another verb: not I am agree, just I agree.
- My flat very small.My flat is very small.
- The traffic very heavy in the morning.The traffic is very heavy in the morning.
- She a good student.She is a good student.
- I am agree with you.I agree with you.
17 · Grammar
Question word order, including indirect questions
Chinese questions have the same word order as statements, and a question word stays where the answer would be. In English you need do / does / did or another helper, put before the subject. In an indirect question the order goes back to normal.
Direct question: question word + helper + subject + verb: Where did you go? If there is no other helper, add do / does / did. Indirect question (after Can you tell me…, I wonder…, She asked…): statement order, no do/did: I wonder where she lives.
- How much time you spend online?How much time do you spend online?
- What time the shop will open?What time will the shop open?
- Where you visited last summer?Where did you go last summer?
- He asked me why did I leave.He asked me why I left.
18 · Grammar
Although … but and because … so
Chinese often uses a pair of linking words: suiran … danshi (although … but) and yinwei … suoyi (because … so). English uses only one of the pair.
Use one linking word per clause pair. Although the exam was hard, he passed. Or: The exam was hard, but he passed. Because it rained, we stayed in. Or: It rained, so we stayed in. Never both together.
- Although it was cold, but we walked.Although it was cold, we walked.
- Because I was ill, so I stayed at home.Because I was ill, I stayed at home.
- Although he studies hard, but he still fails.Although he studies hard, he still fails.
- Because it rained, so we stayed in.It rained, so we stayed in.
19 · Grammar
Where time and place words go
In Chinese, time and place words come early, before the verb: 'Tomorrow morning I come'. In English, place and time usually come after the verb and object, with time last.
Order: subject + verb + object + place + time: I will meet her at the station tomorrow morning. Never put a time or place between the verb and its object: not I eat every day breakfast. You may open with a time phrase for emphasis, but then keep the rest of the sentence normal.
- I will tomorrow call you.I will call you tomorrow.
- I eat every day breakfast at home.I eat breakfast at home every day.
- My friends yesterday came to my flat.My friends came to my flat yesterday.
- She visited last year Beijing.She visited Beijing last year.
20 · Grammar
There is / there are, not 'has'
Chinese says 'my city has many parks' and also 'in my city has many parks', using the word for have to say something exists. English needs there is / there are for this idea.
To say something exists in a place, use there is (singular) or there are (plural): In my city, there are many parks. Use have only when something belongs to someone: My city has many parks is correct, but In my city has many parks is not. Don't leave out the subject.
- In my hometown has a big river.In my hometown there is a big river.
- In the library has many books.In the library there are many books.
- Have a lot of traffic in the city.There is a lot of traffic in the city.
- Is many pollution here.There is a lot of pollution here.
21 · Grammar
Uncountable nouns: advice, homework, equipment
In Chinese you can count almost anything with a measure word, so information or homework feel countable. In English they are not.
Some nouns have no plural and no a/an: advice, information, equipment, homework, traffic, evidence, research, progress. Use some, much, a lot of or a piece of: a piece of advice. The verb is singular: The traffic is heavy.
- I did all my homeworks last night.I did all my homework last night.
- The gym bought three new equipments.The gym bought some new equipment.
- I need some informations.I need some information.
- The traffics are heavy.The traffic is heavy.
22 · Grammar
he, she, his, her
In spoken Chinese, he, she and it sound the same, and the pronouns don't change for subject or object. It is easy to say he about a woman or him when you need he.
Choose by who you are talking about: he / his / him for a man, she / her for a woman, it for things. Use a subject pronoun (I, he, she) before a verb and an object pronoun (me, him, her) after it. My and mine are different: It's my book. It's mine.
- My mother is a nurse. He works at night.My mother is a nurse. She works at night.
- Mrs Lin is a writer. His books are popular.Mrs Lin is a writer. Her books are popular.
- Do you know Tom? Have you met she?Do you know Tom? Have you met him?
- This book is my.This book is mine.
23 · Grammar
Verb patterns and prepositions
Many English verbs take a particular preposition or a particular form after them (to + verb, verb + -ing). Chinese uses different patterns, so learners add or drop prepositions and choose the wrong verb form.
Learn the verb with its pattern. Discuss, answer and enter take no preposition: answer her, not answer to her. Enjoy, avoid and finish take -ing. After had better and modals, use the bare verb. Learn depend on, good at, interested in as whole units.
- She answered to my question.She answered my question.
- I enjoy to cook for my family.I enjoy cooking for my family.
- You had better to call first.You had better call first.
- We discussed about the plan.We discussed the plan.
24 · Grammar
Choose the right form of the word
In Chinese the same word often works as a noun, a verb and an adjective, so the form does not change. English changes the ending: success, succeed, successful. Learners use the wrong one.
Check what the gap needs. After is / very you need an adjective (difficult). After the / a / of you need a noun (difficulty). Before a verb, an adverb often works (quickly). -ed adjectives describe how you feel (excited); -ing adjectives describe the thing that causes it (exciting).
- It is very difficulty to find a job.It is very difficult to find a job.
- I was very surprising by the result.I was very surprised by the result.
- The develop of tourism is rapid.The development of tourism is rapid.
- He walked very slow.He walked very slowly.
25 · Speaking style
Sounding polite: modals and softeners
In Chinese, a direct request can be completely polite. In English, direct commands sound abrupt. English uses modal verbs and longer forms to soften requests, opinions and refusals, and learners tend to use them too rarely.
For requests, use Could you…? / Would you mind…? / Would you like to…? To soften an opinion, use I think, perhaps, might, may. Say That might not be true instead of That is definitely not true. In Speaking Part 3, softeners make you sound balanced: It may depend on the person.
- Read this article now.You might like to read this article.
- Open the window.Would you mind opening the window?
- That is definitely not true.That might not be true.
- I come tomorrow probably.I might come tomorrow.